Phó͘-thong seng-bu̍t-ha̍k/Seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún hun-lūi
Hiān-tāi ê seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kā só͘-ū ê seng-bu̍t lio̍k hun 3 toā "he̍k", "léng-he̍k", Eng-gí kóng "Domain". Chia-ê 3 toā he̍k sī:
- Kó͘-sè-khún (Archea)
- Sè-khún (Bacteria)
- Chin-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Eukarya)
Lán kā chit khoán hun-hoat kiò chò "3 he̍k hē-thóng". Lēng-goā, chóng-sī mā ū kî-tha ê hun-lūi hong-ha̍k, chhan-chhiūⁿ kha thoân-thóng ê 2 toā-lūi hē-thóng:
- Goân-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Prokaryota): Kó-sè-khún + Sè-khún
- Chin-he̍k seng-bu̍t (Eukaryota)
Mā ū lâng bô ēng he̍k ê kài-liām, tit-chiap tùi "kài" (kingdom) khai-sí hun, thiah chò 6 toā lūi:
- Chin-sè-khún (Eubacteria)
- Kó͘-sè-khún (Archaebacteria)
- Goân-seng seng-bu̍t (Protista)
- Si̍t-bu̍t (Plantae)
- Chin-khún (Fungi)
- Tōng-bu̍t (Animalia)